TANL Dependency Tags: Draft
Differenze da ISST-CoNLL
Proposta di dependency tags
Notation: this color is used for heads and this one for dependents.
Tag | Relation type | Description | Examples |
---|---|---|---|
arg | argument | The most generic relation between a head and a subcategorized argument. Besides functional underspecification, this relation is always used to tag the syntactic relation between a verbal head and a non-subject clausal argument. | Il 63% dei francesi ha imposto al presidente di rinunciare alla sua bomba È giunto il momento di creare un'area denuclearizzata |
aux | auxiliary | Auxiliary of a verb. | Il corazziere è stato individuato Il corazziere è stato individuato |
clit | clitic | Relation between the verbal head in pronominal form and a clitic pronoun. | La sedia si è rotta |
comp | complement | An expression that completes the sense of a subject, an object, or a verb [1]. |
Si è trasformato in gas |
comp_agent | agent complement | Cause of an action, either animate or inanimate |
Fu assassinata da un pazzo |
comp_comp | comparison complement | Describes the second term in a comparison |
Sono più alto di te |
comp_loc | locative complement | Either static or directional |
Si trovava in un parco |
comp_mean | means complement | Specifies the mean by which an action is done |
Sono venuto con l'autobus |
comp_scope | scope complement | Specifies a scope |
Uno degli alberghi più celebri del
mondo |
comp_temp | temporal complement | Expresses a temporal relation |
Nel 1985 nella stessa zona è stata uccisa un'antropologa |
comp_way | ways complement | Specifies the way in which the action is performed |
Mi guardò in silenzio |
con | copulative conjunction | Relation between a copulative conjunction in a coordinate compound and the previous conjunct. |
Una ragazza violentata e sequestrata da due slavi |
concat | concatenation | Relation between tokens forming complex word forms (e.g. complex proper nouns, multi-word expressions and the like). |
Il segretario di De Michelis |
conj | conjunct linked by a copulative conjunction (con) | Relation between each conjunct in a conjunctive compound and the previous conjunct. |
Una ragazza violentata e sequestrata da due slavi |
det | determiner | Relation between nominal head and determiner. |
Una sala ha dovuto essere sgomberata |
dis | disjunctive conjunction | Relation between a disjunctive conjunction in a coordinate compound and the previous conjunct. |
Cassonetti dell'immondizia rovesciati o incendiati |
disj | conjunct in a disjunctive compound linked by a disjunctive conjunction (dis) | Relation between each conjunct and the previous conjunct in a disjunctive compound. |
Cassonetti dell'immondizia rovesciati o incendiati |
mod | modifier | Makes the meaning of a word more specific. Adjectives modify nouns, adverbs modify verbs, adjectives and other adverbs. |
I colori sono sempre gli stessi |
mod_rel | relative modifier | Relation between the head of a relative clause and its referring nominal head in the governing clause. The same relation is also used in the case of free relatives to link the verbal head of the free relative and to the "chi" pronoun (which in its turn is directly linked to its governor) |
Box che è stato trovato nel pomeriggio |
modal | modal verb | Relation between a verbal head and a modal verb. |
Una sala ha dovuto essere sgomberata |
neg | negative | Negates the corresponding clause | A volte non dormo |
obj | direct object | Receiver of the action of a transitive verb (non-clausal). |
Hanno un modo di ragionare rozzo |
obj_ind | indirect object | The recipient or beneficiary of the action expressed by the verb or the noun |
Al magistrato ripetevano |
pred | predicative complement | Either a subject complement (aka predicate nominative) following a linking verb or an object complement that modifies the direct object. |
L'incontro è stato fatale
|
pred_loc | locative predicate | Expresses a spatial property of the subject, after a linking verb |
Il presidente non era in casa |
pred_temp | temporal predicate | Expresses a temporal property of the subject, afer a linking verb |
La riunione è alle 5 |
prep | preposition | Relation between preposition and predicate, either clausal or non-clausal. | Un contributo alla lotta contro la criminalità Un contributo alla lotta contro la criminalità |
punc | punctuation | Relation between a word token and a punctuation mark. |
Teatro della tragedia , ... |
root | sentence root | Head of sentence. |
Only the dependent is shown, since the head is a fictitious root node: |
sub | subordinate clause | Relation between a subordinative conjunction and the verbal head of its clausal complement. |
Ha detto che non intendeva fare nulla |
subj | subject | Relation between an active verb and its subject. |
il testimone ha parlato subito |
subj_pass | passive subject | Relation between a passive verb and its subject |
I missionari erano stati rapiti la mattina presto |
References
- Guide to Grammar and Writing.
- H. Ramsay Fowler and Jane E. Aaron, & Kay Limburg. The Little, Brown Handbook. 6th ed. HarperCollins: New York. 1995.
- Engllish Glossary of Grammar Terms