Super Sense Guidelines

The tags used for the annotation of ISST are the WordNet 45 super sense tags, where 3 are used for adjectives, 25 are used to distinguish nouns, 15 for verbs and 1 for the adverbs, as we can see in the following table.

Id	SuperSense	Description	Details	Examples
00	adj.all	all adjective clusters	Used for all the simple adjectives	Grande, bello, simpatico
01	adj.pert	relational adjectives (pertainyms)	Adjectives that are related with nouns	Scolastico, marittimo
02	adv.all	all adverb	All adverbs	Anche, sempre, dove
03	noun.Tops	unique beginner for nouns	Those nouns that appear as super sense	Animale, gruppo, tempo
04	noun.act	nouns denoting acts or actions		Corsa
05	noun.animal	nouns denoting animals		Cane, gorilla, coniglio
06	noun.artifact	nouns denoting man-made objects		Edificio, fontana, bomba
07	noun.attribute	nouns denoting attributes of people and objects		Ricchezza, pigrizia, eleganza
08	noun.body	nouns denoting body parts		Braccio, occhio, naso
09	noun.cognition	nouns denoting cognitive processes and contents		Pensiero, sogno, conoscenza
10	noun.communication	nouns denoting communicative processes and contents	Are included those objects that allow us to communicate	Libro, licenza, discussione
11	noun.event	nouns denoting natural events
12	noun.feeling	nouns denoting feelings and emotions
13	noun.food	nouns denoting foods and drinks
14	noun.group	nouns denoting groupings of people or objects
15	noun.location	nouns denoting spatial position
16	noun.motive	nouns denoting goals
17	noun.object	nouns denoting natural objects (not man-made)
18	noun.person	nouns denoting people
19	noun.phenomenon	nouns denoting natural phenomena
20	noun.plant	nouns denoting plants
21	noun.possession	nouns denoting possession and transfer of possession
22	noun.process	nouns denoting natural processes
23	noun.quantity	nouns denoting quantities and units of measure
24	noun.relation	nouns denoting relations between people or things or ideas
25	noun.shape	nouns denoting two and three dimensional shapes
26	noun.state	nouns denoting stable states of affairs
27	noun.substance	nouns denoting substances
28	noun.time	nouns denoting time and temporal relations
29	verb.body	verbs of grooming, dressing and bodily care
30	verb.change	verbs of size, temperature change, intensifying, etc.
31	verb.cognition	verbs of thinking, judging, analyzing, doubting
32	verb.communication	verbs of telling, asking, ordering, singing
33	verb.competition	verbs of fighting, athletic activities
34	verb.consumption	verbs of eating and drinking
35	verb.contact	verbs of touching, hitting, tying, digging
36	verb.creation	verbs of sewing, baking, painting, performing
37	verb.emotion	verbs of feeling
38	verb.motion	verbs of walking, flying, swimming
39	verb.perception	verbs of seeing, hearing, feeling
40	verb.possession	verbs of buying, selling, owning
41	verb.social	verbs of political and social activities and events
42	verb.stative	verbs of being, having, spatial relations
43	verb.weather	verbs of raining, snowing, thawing, thundering
44	adj.ppl	participial adjectives

Some more detail below

0 - adj.all

This tag is used for all simple adjectives, such as “grande”, “bello”, “simpatico”.

1 - adj.pert

This tag is used for all adjectives that are related with nouns, such as “scolastico”, “marittimo”, “soleggiato”.

2 - adv.all

This tag is used for all adverbs, such as “anche”, “sempre”, “dove”.

3 - noun.Tops

This tag is used for those nouns that appear as super sense, such as “animale”, “gruppo”, “tempo”.

4 - noun.act

This tag is used for all those nouns that denote an action, such as “corsa”, “incontro”, “sciopero”.

5 - noun.animal

This tag is used for all nouns of animals, such as “cane”, “gorilla”, “coniglio”.

6 - noun.artifact

This tag is used for all man-made objects, such as “edificio”, “fontana”, “bomba”.

7 - noun.attribute

This tag is used for all nouns that denote attributes of people, such as “serietà”, “eleganza”, “pigrizia”.

8 - noun.body

This tag is used for all body parts, such as“braccio”, “occhio”, “cuore”.

9 - noun.cognition

This tag is used to identify all nouns related to cognitive (or mental) processes, such as “pensiero”, “sogno”, “conoscenza”.

10 - noun.communication

This tag is used for all nouns that denote both objects that allow communication, such as “libro”, “film”, “licenza”, and nouns that denote comunicative processes, such as “discussione”, “chiarimento”, “proposta”.

11 - noun.event

This tag “trionfo” o “incidente”.

12 - noun.feeling

This tag is used to identify all emotions and feelings, such as “delusione”, “paura”, “desiderio”.

13 - noun.food

This tag is used to denote both all nouns of food, such as “miele”, “aranciata”, “pizza”, and the meals in which they are consumed, such as “cena” o “merenda”.

14 - noun.group

This tag is used to denote all the nouns that refer to associations or organization, groups or communities, such as “church”, “ONU”, “Mediaset”. This tag is also used to denote, football team, such as “Italia”, “Francia”, “Germania”.

15 - noun.location

This tag is used to denote nouns of cities or places, such as “Pisa”, “Roma” or “via”, “piazza”.

16 - noun.motive

This tag is used to denote all those nouns that refer to a purpose, such as “ragione”, “causa”, “motivo”.

17 - noun.object

This tag is used to denote all natural objects, such as “pietra”, “mare”, “montagna”, but just if they are used as objects. For instance, in this sentence “Abbiamo scalato la montagna più alta del mondo” montagna is annoted as noun.object, but on the other hand, in this sentence “Sono andato in montagna” montagna is annoted as noun.location.

18 - noun.person

This tag is used to denote first and last name of persons, such as “Giovanni” or “Rossi”. This tag is also used to denote

19 - noun.phenomenon This tag is used for nouns that denote natural phenomenons, such as “nebbia”, “fulmine”, “perturbazione”.

20 - noun.plant

This tag is used for all nouns of plants, such as “pino”, “polline”, “basilico”. Is also used for the nouns of vegetables, but not used in context of eating.

21 - noun.possession

This tag is used for all nouns of pessession, such as “finanziamento”, “tassa”, and also for nouns of quantity of cash, such as “miliardi”.

22 - noun.process

This tag is used to denote all nouns that express the gowing up of a process, such as “declino”, “sviluppo”, and also natural processes, such as “tramonto”.

23 - noun.quantity

This tag is used for all nouns that denote a quantity or units, such as numbers or “metri” and “dollari”.

24 - noun.relation

This tag is used to all nouns that refer to a part of something, such as “per cento” or “parte”, but also “est” or “ovest”, because they refer to a single part of something (for instance, a eastern part fo the world).

25 - noun.shape

This tag is used to all all nouns that denote a objects that have a particolar shape, such as “colonna”, “piano”, “curva”.

26 - noun.state

This tag is used to all nouns that denote a state of persons or situations, such as “morte”, “crisi”, “pace”.

27 - noun.substance

This tag is used to all nouns that denote a substance, such as “oro”, “gas”, “pasta”.

28 - noun.time

This tag is used to all nouns that express time, such as “notte”, “settembre”, “ore”.

29 - verb.body

This tag is used to all verbs that express actions of body, such as “dormire”, “respirare”.

30 - verb.change

This tag is used to all verbs that express a change of something, such as “accendere”, “chiudere”.

31 - verb.cognition

This tag is used to all verbs that express actions that involve the mind, such as “immaginare”, “dubitare”, “sperare”.

32 - verb.communication

This tag is used to all communication verbs, such as “parlare”, “cantare”, “leggere”.

33 - verb.competition

This tag is used to all those verbs of both sports competition and hostility, such as “vincere”, “gareggiare” or “espugnare”, “sparare”.

34 - verb.consumption

This tag is used to all verb that express action of eating, drinking or, more generally, consumption of something, such as “mangiare”, “sorseggiare” or “fumare”.

35 - verb.contact

This tag is used for all verbs that denote contact, such as “avvolgere”, “sfiorare”.

36 - verb.creation

This tag is used to all verbs that express action of creation – or destruction –,such as “costruire” and “distruggere”, but also verbs about creative processes, such as “dipingere” or “suonare”.

37 - verb.emotion

This tag is used to all verbs of emotion or feelings, such as “esaltare”, “temere”.

38 - verb.motion

This tag is used for all verbs that express different type of moving, such as “camminare”, “volare” o “muovere”.

39 - verb.perception

This tag is used to all verbs about perception, such as “vedere”, “sentire”.

40 - verb.possession

This tag is used for all verbs that express Exchange of possessions, such as “finanziare”, “pagare”, “investire”.

41 - verb.social

This tag is used for all verbs used to express social action, such as “presentare”, “organizzare”, “emarginare”.

42 - verb.stative

This tag is used to all verbs that express a state that not change, such as “rimanere”, “mantenere”, “esistere”.

43 - verb.weather

This tag is used to all verbs that express weather situations, such as “piovere”, “nevicare”, “tuonare”.

44 - adj.ppl

This tag is used to denote all adjectives participials, that are those adjectives that have the same form of a participle, but they are not related whit some verb, such as “preoccupante”.

MULTIWORDS EXPRESSIONS

The main task was to choose an appropriate super sense for each token, but in the case of multiword expressions we used the IOB notation, that is a notation that allow us to denote when two or more token are related